Phase 3 · Exenatide

ECHO trial results

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Agonist Effects on Energy Balance in Hypothalamic Obesity

Percent Change of Body Mass Index (BMI) as Calculated by the Formula: Body Weight in kg Divided by Height in Meters². (percent change from baseline), From baseline to 36 weeks. Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-release: 1.7; Matching Placebo: 3.5.

Participants
42
Status
completed
Completed
2020-07-31
Sponsor
Seattle Children's Hospital

As posted on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02664441), updated at source May 5, 2022. Read again whenever the registry updates it. Registry figures can differ from a published paper, which may use another analysis.

Primary outcome

What ECHO measured first

Percent Change of Body Mass Index (BMI) as Calculated by the Formula: Body Weight in kg Divided by Height in Meters².percent change from baseline · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=23Matching Placebon=18
1.7(0.8)3.5(0.9)
Side effects by arm

Side effects in ECHO

Percent of participants affected, Double-Blind Randomized Phase - From Study Visit 1 (0 weeks) through end of Study Visit 4 (36 weeks); Open Label Extension - From Study Visit 4 (36 Weeks) through end of Study Visit 5 (54 weeks). The most common events the registry lists.

EventDouble-Blind Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releaseDouble-Blind PlaceboOpen Label Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-release
Any serious event8.7%5.6%11.4%
Abdominal pain39.1%11.1%2.9%
Headache30.4%33.3%8.6%
Diarrhea30.4%16.7%11.4%
Injection site reaction30.4%22.2%5.7%
Nausea26.1%16.7%8.6%
Vomiting17.4%22.2%14.3%
Constipation13%11.1%5.7%
Dizziness8.7%5.6%5.7%
Cholelithiasis0%0%2.9%
Secondary outcomes

What else it measured

Changes in Body Composition as Assessed by Body Fat Mass Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)kilograms · At baseline and 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=20Matching Placebon=15
1.5(0.9)4.6(1.0)
Changes in Fat and Total Calorie Intake Assessed by Free Buffet Meal Analysis.grams · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
MeasureExenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=18Matching Placebon=15
Fat Intake-9.5(6.3)14.5(7.7)
Total Calorie Intake-287(130)224(136)
Changes in Fasting Glucosemg/dL · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=23Matching Placebon=18
7.4(6.0)3.7(3.5)
Changes in HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides Assessed by Fasting Lipidsmg/dL · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
MeasureExenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=23Matching Placebon=18
HDL Cholesterol0.7(2.1)0.6(2.8)
Triglycerides-0.6(8.1)4.2(8.6)
Changes in Inflammation Assessed by C-reactive Protein (CRP)mg/dL · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=23Matching Placebon=18
0.00(0.07)0.18(0.27)
Changes of Insulin Resistance Assessed by Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR)HOMA-IR score · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=23Matching Placebon=17
3.5(1.7)2.2(2.4)
Changes of Circulating Leptin Levelsng/mL · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=23Matching Placebon=18
1.4(6.3)11.8(9.4)
Changes of Energy Expenditure Assessed by Doubly Labeled Water Analysiskcals/day · Baseline and 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=19Matching Placebon=14
-17.8(38.0)146.3(29.0)
Changes of Energy Intake Assessed by Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Recall (ASA24-Kids)kcals · Baseline and 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=14Matching Placebon=9
-62(155)-210(336)
Changes in Glucose 120 Minutes Following an Oral Glucose Tolerance Testmg/dL · From baseline to 36 weeks · mean
Exenatide Once Weekly Extended-releasen=23Matching Placebon=18
-12.4(10.9)-3.4(3.7)
The trial

How ECHO was run

The proposed multicenter study will test the effect of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonist exenatide once weekly extended-release (ExQW, Bydureon®) on clinical outcomes and metabolic parameters in a double-blind, placebo-controlled 36 week randomized trial with an 18 week open label extension. Following baseline testing, 48 patients will be randomly assigned with equal allocation to ExQW or matching placebo injection for 36 weeks, followed by an 18 week open label extension during which all patients receive ExQW. Changes of weight status, body composition, free-living total daily energy expenditure (EE) by doubly labeled water (DLW), activity by acetimetry, energy intake (questionnaires and food diary), as well as glucose tolerance and hormonal parameters of energy homeostasis and insulin resistance will be assessed before treatment and at the end of the placebo-controlled phase (week 36). Activity, metabolic outcomes, energy intake will be also assessed at study week 18 (mid treatment of randomized study), as well as week 54 (end of open label treatment).

  • Exenatide once weekly extended-release: Injections of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonist exenatide once weekly extended-release (Bydureon®) for 36 weeks in randomized intervention followed by 18 weeks open label exenatide once weekly extended-release.
  • Matching placebo: Weekly injections of placebo for 36 weeks followed by 18 weeks open label exenatide once weekly extended-release.
Who could join the trial

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 10-25 years at time of enrollment * Diagnosis of hypothalamic obesity with age- and sex adjusted BMI ≥ 95% or BMI ≥30 kg/m² if over 18 y * History of craniopharyngioma or another tumor located in the hypothalamic area * Hypothalamic lesion documented by neuroradiology * ≥ 6 months post-surgical or radiation treatment * Weight stable or increasing over 3 months prior to screening visit * Stable hormone replacement for at least 3 months prior to screening visit Exclusion Criteria: * Renal impairment (GFR\<60 ml/min/1.73m² using the Schwarz formula) * History of gastroparesis; pancreatitis or gallstones (unless status post cholecystectomy) * Family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma metabolic disorders * Any insulin-treated diabetes mellitus, poorly controlled type 2 diabetes (HbA1c ≥ 10%), or any other chronic serious medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, malignancy or hematologic disorder, complicated syndromic disorder, or psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, major depression, history of suicide attempts) * Calcitonin \>50 mg/L at screening * Initiation of weight loss medications within 3 months of screening visit * Previous donation of blood \>10% of estimated blood volume within 3 months prior study * Current warfarin use * Current use of any other GLP1 receptor agonist * Untreated thyroid disorder or adrenal insufficiency * History of bariatric surgery or planned bariatric surgery until end of study * Pregnancy, lactation or expectation to conceive during study period * Subject unlikely to adhere to study procedures in opinion of investigator * Subject with contraindication to neuroimaging by MRI

Trial averages do not predict what one person will experience. Results are shown as the registry posts them, without interpretation.

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