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What GLP-1 trials actually found

Results, doses and study populations, linked to the original research.

Direct trialsTrial resultsLiteratureRegistry

Direct comparisons

SURMOUNT-5

Peer-reviewed paper

Wegovy injection vs Zepbound

Adults with obesity, or overweight with a weight-related condition, without diabetes.

751 participants · 72 weeks · Randomized, open-label

Mean weight change (% of body weight)

Treatment-regimen analysis, regardless of treatment adherence.

SURMOUNT-5: Mean weight change at 72 weeks. Treatment-regimen analysis, regardless of treatment adherence.
Treatment & doseChange
Semaglutide (Wegovy)1.7 or 2.4 mg weekly injection−13.7%
Tirzepatide (Zepbound)10 or 15 mg weekly injection−20.2%

Tirzepatide produced greater mean weight reduction in this trial. Both groups used their maximum tolerated dose.

This trial did not test Wegovy tablets or Wegovy HD. It was not powered to establish a safety or tolerability advantage. Study averages do not predict an individual's result.

Read the paperPubMed abstractSponsor's analysis detailsReviewed Sep 28, 2026
Semaglutide: full recordTirzepatide: full record

SURPASS-2

Peer-reviewed paper

Ozempic injection vs Mounjaro

Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin.

1,879 participants · 40 weeks · Randomized, open-label

Mean HbA1c change (percentage points)

Treatment-regimen analysis, regardless of treatment adherence or rescue therapy.

SURPASS-2: Mean HbA1c change at 40 weeks. Treatment-regimen analysis, regardless of treatment adherence or rescue therapy.
Treatment & doseChange
Semaglutide (Ozempic)1 mg weekly injection−1.86 pp
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)5 mg weekly injection−2.01 pp

STEP UP

Peer-reviewed paper

Wegovy injection vs Wegovy HD

Adults with a BMI of at least 30, without diabetes.

1,407 participants · 72 weeks · Randomized, double-blind, with placebo and active control

Mean weight change (% of body weight)

Treatment-policy analysis, accounting for treatment discontinuation.

STEP UP: Mean weight change at 72 weeks. Treatment-policy analysis, accounting for treatment discontinuation.
Treatment & doseChange
Semaglutide (Wegovy)2.4 mg weekly injection−15.6%
Semaglutide (Wegovy HD)7.2 mg weekly injection−18.7%

REDEFINE-4

Sponsor announcement

CagriSema vs tirzepatide

Adults with obesity and at least one associated condition.

809 participants · 84 weeks · Randomized, open-label, non-inferiority trial

Mean weight change (% of body weight)

Treatment-regimen analysis, regardless of treatment adherence.

REDEFINE-4: Mean weight change at 84 weeks. Treatment-regimen analysis, regardless of treatment adherence.
Treatment & doseChange
CagriSema2.4 mg / 2.4 mg weekly injection−20.2%
Tirzepatide15 mg weekly injection
Understand the evidence

Trial results, with the context that matters

These results come from different studies with different participants, durations, doses, and analyses. They do not establish which treatment is best for you. Medications are listed alphabetically.

Bar scale: 0–30% body-weight reduction. ≈ marks an approximation from kilograms. A trial estimate is not a prediction of your outcome.

Medication & trial doseReported weight change
  • Dulaglutide

    4.5 mg weekly (Trulicity)

    Reported weight change

    ≈−4% (-4.6 kg (~4%) at 36 wks · AWARD-11 · 4.5 mg weekly (Trulicity))

    -4.6 kg (~4%) at 36 wks

    AWARD-11

    Approximation from kilograms; see trial methods

  • Exenatide
Research activity

Literature counts by ingredient

Europe PMC search matches, listed alphabetically. RCT-tagged publications are not necessarily unique clinical trials. Publication types can overlap, and searches can mention more than one medicine.

Ingredient / counts retrievedRCT-tagged publicationsSystematic reviewsAll search matches
  • Aleniglipron

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications2 (Aleniglipron: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews1 (Aleniglipron: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches
ClinicalTrials.gov

Indexed studies with posted results

Up to 14 studies from our indexed sample, ordered by study completion date. This is not an exhaustive registry search or a list ordered by when results were posted.

Registry sample · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
  • A Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Adult Participants With Obesity or Overweight With Weight-Related Comorbidities
    NCT05869903Active_not_recruiting3,127 enrolledCompleted Oct 1, 2027

    Registered primary outcome: Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight (Primary Treatment Period)

  • Effects of Semaglutide in HIV-Associated Lipohypertrophy
    NCT04019197Active_not_recruiting108 enrolledCompleted Sep 1, 2026

    Registered primary outcome: Effects of Semaglutide on Quantity of Abdominal Fat (Total, Subcutaneous, Visceral) at Week 32 Compared to Baseline

  • Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Using the University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) Protocol
Trial averages do not predict individual outcomes. Review the studied dose, population, duration, analysis, and safety findings with a prescribing clinician. Informational only, not medical advice. Confirm with a clinician and the current FDA label.
GLPcompareGLPcompare

The live, fully-cited reference for the GLP-1 ecosystem. Every figure traces to its source. Informational only, not medical advice.

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Fazier
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)10 mg weekly injection−2.24 pp
Tirzepatide (Mounjaro)15 mg weekly injection−2.3 pp

Each tirzepatide dose lowered HbA1c more than semaglutide 1 mg in this trial.

This trial did not compare Ozempic 2 mg or tablets. HbA1c changes are percentage points, not relative percentages or weight-loss results. Study averages do not predict an individual's result.

Read the paperPubMed abstractSponsor's analysis detailsReviewed Sep 28, 2026
Semaglutide: full recordTirzepatide: full record
PlaceboWeekly injection−3.9%

The 7.2 mg dose produced greater mean weight reduction than 2.4 mg or placebo. Gastrointestinal events and altered skin sensations were more frequent at 7.2 mg.

All groups also received a lifestyle intervention. This trial did not study tablets. The 2.4 mg result is from STEP UP, not STEP 1. Study averages do not predict an individual's result.

Read the paperPubMed abstractReviewed Sep 28, 2026
Semaglutide: full record
−23.6%

Mean weight change (% of body weight)

Efficacy analysis, assuming treatment adherence.

REDEFINE-4: Mean weight change at 84 weeks. Efficacy analysis, assuming treatment adherence.
Treatment & doseChange
CagriSema2.4 mg / 2.4 mg weekly injection−23%
Tirzepatide15 mg weekly injection−25.5%

CagriSema did not meet the trial's primary non-inferiority endpoint versus tirzepatide.

Figures are from the manufacturer's headline announcement. This record does not establish peer-reviewed publication. CagriSema is investigational in our reviewed catalog. Study averages do not predict an individual's result.

Read the announcementReviewed Sep 28, 2026
CagriSema: full recordTirzepatide: full record

2 mg weekly (Bydureon)

Reported weight change

≈−3.6% (-3.7 kg (~3.6%) at 30 wks · DURATION-1 · 2 mg weekly (Bydureon))

-3.7 kg (~3.6%) at 30 wks

DURATION-1

Approximation from kilograms; see trial methods

  • Liraglutide

    3.0 mg daily (Saxenda)

    Reported weight change

    −8% (-8.0% at 56 wks · SCALE Obesity · 3.0 mg daily (Saxenda))

    -8.0% at 56 wks

    SCALE Obesity

    Analysis not classified; see trial methods

  • Orforglipron

    17.2 mg daily (Foundayo; 36 mg capsule-equivalent in ATTAIN-1)

    Reported weight change

    −11.2% (-11.2% at 72 wks · ATTAIN-1 · 17.2 mg daily (Foundayo; 36 mg capsule-equivalent in ATTAIN-1))

    -11.2% at 72 wks

    ATTAIN-1

    Accounts for treatment discontinuation

  • Semaglutide

    2.4 mg weekly (Wegovy)

    Reported weight change

    −14.9% (-14.9% at 68 wks · STEP 1 · 2.4 mg weekly (Wegovy))

    -14.9% at 68 wks

    STEP 1

    Accounts for treatment discontinuation

  • Tirzepatide

    15 mg weekly (Zepbound)

    Reported weight change

    −20.9% (-20.9% at 72 wks · SURMOUNT-1 · 15 mg weekly (Zepbound))

    -20.9% at 72 wks

    SURMOUNT-1

    Accounts for treatment discontinuation

    • Investigational trial results (5)

    Research-stage medicines are not FDA-approved. Trial phase and endpoint are shown with each result.

    • Amycretin

      60 mg weekly (Phase 1b/2a)

      Reported weight change

      −24.3% (-24.3% at 36 wks · Phase 1b/2a (subcutaneous) · 60 mg weekly (Phase 1b/2a))

      -24.3% at 36 wks

      Phase 1b/2a (subcutaneous)

      Analysis not classified; see trial methods

    • CagriSema

      2.4 mg / 2.4 mg weekly (CagriSema)

      Reported weight change

      −22.7% (-22.7% at 68 wks · REDEFINE-1 (Phase 3) · 2.4 mg / 2.4 mg weekly (CagriSema))

      -22.7% at 68 wks

      REDEFINE-1 (Phase 3)

      Estimates effect assuming treatment adherence

      The same trial also reported −20.4% using the treatment-policy analysis, which accounts for treatment discontinuation. This is the estimate used when matching your priorities.

    • MariTide

      Highest dose, monthly (Phase 2)

      Reported weight change

      −16.2% (-16.2% at 52 wks · Phase 2 obesity · Highest dose, monthly (Phase 2))

      -16.2% at 52 wks

      Phase 2 obesity

      Accounts for treatment discontinuation

    • Retatrutide

      12 mg weekly (TRIUMPH-1)

      Reported weight change

      −28.3% (-28.3% at 80 wks · TRIUMPH-1 (Phase 3) · 12 mg weekly (TRIUMPH-1))

      -28.3% at 80 wks

      TRIUMPH-1 (Phase 3)

      Estimates effect assuming treatment adherence

      The same trial also reported −25% using the treatment-regimen analysis, which accounts for treatment discontinuation. This is the estimate used when matching your priorities.

    • Survodutide

      6.0 mg weekly (Phase 3)

      Reported weight change

      −16.6% (-16.6% at 76 wks · SYNCHRONIZE-1 (Phase 3) · 6.0 mg weekly (Phase 3))

      -16.6% at 76 wks

      SYNCHRONIZE-1 (Phase 3)

      Estimates effect assuming treatment adherence

      The same trial also reported −13% using the treatment-regimen analysis, which accounts for treatment discontinuation. This is the estimate used when matching your priorities.

    Selected weight-change results are not a systematic review of all benefits and risks. Open each medication for additional evidence and safety information. Sources & methodology.

    17
    (Aleniglipron: All search matches)
  • Amycretin

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications5 (Amycretin: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews0 (Amycretin: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches79 (Amycretin: All search matches)
  • CagriSema

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications13 (CagriSema: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews12 (CagriSema: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches253 (CagriSema: All search matches)
  • Dulaglutide
    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications1,792 (Dulaglutide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews759 (Dulaglutide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches18,753 (Dulaglutide: All search matches)
  • Exenatide
    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications706 (Exenatide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews591 (Exenatide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches13,734 (Exenatide: All search matches)
  • Liraglutide
    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications1,047 (Liraglutide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews926 (Liraglutide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches22,079 (Liraglutide: All search matches)
  • MariTide

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications1 (MariTide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews2 (MariTide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches74 (MariTide: All search matches)
  • Mazdutide

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications13 (Mazdutide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews22 (Mazdutide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches248 (Mazdutide: All search matches)
  • Orforglipron
    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications24 (Orforglipron: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews41 (Orforglipron: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches476 (Orforglipron: All search matches)
  • Pemvidutide

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications7 (Pemvidutide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews4 (Pemvidutide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches177 (Pemvidutide: All search matches)
  • Retatrutide

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications18 (Retatrutide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews48 (Retatrutide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches921 (Retatrutide: All search matches)
  • Semaglutide
    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications640 (Semaglutide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews774 (Semaglutide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches17,741 (Semaglutide: All search matches)
  • Survodutide

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications14 (Survodutide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews29 (Survodutide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches477 (Survodutide: All search matches)
  • Tirzepatide
    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications210 (Tirzepatide: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews345 (Tirzepatide: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches7,483 (Tirzepatide: All search matches)
  • VK2735

    Investigational

    Counts · Oct 3, 2026 UTC
    RCT-tagged publications1 (VK2735: RCT-tagged publications)
    Systematic reviews1 (VK2735: Systematic reviews)
    All search matches31 (VK2735: All search matches)

    • These are search matches, not a count of independent trials or proof of benefit. Publication types overlap. Results may include animal research, articles mentioning several ingredients, or retracted work. Counts do not assess study quality and may change after retrieval.

    Full sourcing methodology
    NCT00679042
    Active_not_recruiting
    21 enrolled
    Completed Jun 14, 2026

    Registered primary outcome: Treatment Emergent Adverse Events

  • A Research Study to Compare a New Medicine Oral Semaglutide to a Dummy Medicine in Children and Teenagers With Type 2 Diabetes
    NCT04596631Completed132 enrolledCompleted Feb 3, 2026

    Registered primary outcome: Change From Baseline (Week 0) to Week 26 in Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)- Percentage Point

  • A Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Inadequate Glycemic Control With Insulin Glargine, With or Without Metformin and/or SGLT-2 Inhibitor
    NCT06109311Completed546 enrolledCompleted Sep 15, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)

  • A Research Study Looking at the Effect of Semaglutide on the Immune System and Other Biological Processes in People With Alzheimer's Disease
    NCT05891496Completed23 enrolledCompleted Sep 8, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Change in Gene Expression Assessed by Single-cell Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing (scRNAseq) (Cells in Cerebrospinal Fluid [CSF])

  • A Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) Compared With Semaglutide in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin
    NCT06045221Completed1,698 enrolledCompleted Aug 22, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Change From Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) [Non-inferiority of 36 mg Orforglipron Versus 14 mg Semaglutide and 12 mg Orforglipron Versus 7 mg Semaglutide]

  • A Study of Orforglipron in Adult Participants With Obesity or Overweight and Type 2 Diabetes
    NCT05872620Completed1,613 enrolledCompleted Aug 8, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight

  • A Study of LY3305677 Compared With Placebo in Adult Participants With Obesity or Overweight
    NCT06124807Completed179 enrolledCompleted Jul 9, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 32

  • A Study of Once-Daily Oral Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Japanese Adult Participants With Obesity Disease
    NCT05931380Completed238 enrolledCompleted Jun 19, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 72

  • A Research Study Comparing RYBELSUS® to Other Blood Sugar Lowering Tablets in People Living in America With Type 2 Diabetes (REALYSE)
    NCT05035082Completed1,018 enrolledCompleted Jun 18, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Change in Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

  • Safety and Efficacy of Bimagrumab and Semaglutide in Adults Who Are Overweight or Obese
    NCT05616013Completed507 enrolledCompleted Jun 14, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Change From Baseline in Body Weight at Week 48

  • A Study of Tirzepatide (LY3298176) Compared With Dulaglutide on Major Cardiovascular Events in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes
    NCT04255433Completed13,299 enrolledCompleted Jun 12, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Number of Participants From Randomization to First Occurrence of Death From MACE-3 [Composite Endpoint of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events Death From Cardiovascular Causes, Myocardial Infarction (MI) or Stroke]

  • A Long-term Safety Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes
    NCT06010004Completed401 enrolledCompleted Jun 5, 2025

    Registered primary outcome: Number of Participants With Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)

    • Search ClinicalTrials.gov