How long does a GLP-1 take to work?
The dose steps up first, over weeks or months, and weight loss then builds for most of a year or more. On semaglutide 2.4 mg, people had lost 10.6% at week 20 and 15.6% at week 68. On tirzepatide, 20.9% at week 36 and 22.5% at week 72. After that it holds rather than grows: 15.9% at two years and 22.9% at week 176.
Schedules and half-lives from each manufacturer's FDA label on DailyMed, read every day; newest revision here Aug 28, 2026. Weight figures from 55 trials' posted results on ClinicalTrials.gov.
Why these can differ from other pages: a trial's registry entry and its headline use different analyses. The headline in the paper or label also accounts for people who stopped or were missing: 14.9% for STEP 1 and 20.9% for SURMOUNT-1, against 15.6% and 22.5% posted to the registry.
How long each medicine takes to reach its dose, and how long it stays
The soonest each label's schedule allows. A prescriber can go slower: the Wegovy and Saxenda labels say to consider delaying a step that is not tolerated. The half-life is how long half of a dose takes to leave the body.
| Brand | First dose meant to treat | Top dose, at the soonest | Half-life | Stays in the body |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Foundayo | 5.5 mg from day 61 | 17.2 mg from day 151 | approximately 29 to 49 hours | about 6 to 10 days (our arithmetic) |
| Mounjaro | 5 mg from week 5 if needed | 15 mg from week 21 | approximately 5 days | about 25 days (our arithmetic) |
| OzempicInjection | 0.5 mg from week 5 | 2 mg from week 13 | approximately 1 week | about 5 weeks |
| Rybelsus and Ozempic tabletsRybelsus | 7 mg from day 31 | 14 mg from day 61 | approximately one week | about five weeks |
| Rybelsus and Ozempic tabletsOzempic tablets | 4 mg from day 31 | 9 mg from day 61 | ||
| Saxenda | 3 mg from week 5 | Same dose | approximately 13 hours | about 3 days (our arithmetic) |
| Trulicity | 1.5 mg from week 5 if needed | 4.5 mg from week 13 | approximately 5 days | about 25 days (our arithmetic) |
| Victoza | 1.2 mg from week 2 | 1.8 mg from week 3 | approximately 13 hours | about 3 days (our arithmetic) |
| WegovyInjection | 2.4 mg from week 17 | 7.2 mg from week 21 | approximately 1 week | about 5 to 7 weeks |
| WegovyTablet | 25 mg from day 91 | Same dose | ||
| Zepbound | 5 mg from week 5 | 15 mg from week 21 | approximately 5-6 days | about 25 to 30 days (our arithmetic) |
Where a label states how long the medicine stays, that is its figure. Where it does not, we show five half-lives, the usual rule for when almost all of a dose has left.
Weight change by week of treatment
Each dot is one trial's average at its top dose, in people without diabetes, on the same axes. A dot further right is a longer trial, not the same people measured again, except where a trial has two.
MedicinePlacebo in the same trial
What the longest trials add: semaglutide 2.4 mg stood at -15.6% at week 68 in STEP 1 and -15.9% at week 104 in STEP 5. Tirzepatide 15 mg stood at -22.5% at week 72 and -22.9% at week 176 in SURMOUNT-1, the week 176 figure counting only people who started with prediabetes.
Every result: 129 arms in 55 trials, including people with diabetes and every dose
| Medicine and dose | Trial | Who | Week | Weight change | Placebo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dulaglutide, 0.75 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 26 | +0.25% | None |
| Dulaglutide, 0.75 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 52 | +1.25% | None |
| Dulaglutide, 1.5 mg | SURPASS-CVOT | Includes diabetes | 156 | -4.82% | None |
| Liraglutide, 1.8 mg | PIONEER 4 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -3.33% | -0.6% |
| Liraglutide, 0.9 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 26 | +0.08% | -1.58% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | NCT03038620 | Without diabetes | 40 | +6.59% | +1.19% |
| Liraglutide, 1.8 mg | PIONEER 4 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -3.25% | -0.99% |
| Liraglutide, 0.9 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 52 | +0.68% | -1.42% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | NCT01272219 | Includes diabetes | 56 | -7.98% | -2.62% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | SCALE IBT | Without diabetes | 56 | -7.4% | -4% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | SCALE Insulin | Includes diabetes | 56 | -6% | -1.5% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | NCT01272232 | Includes diabetes | 56 | -5.9% | -2% |
| Liraglutide, 1.8 mg | NCT01272232 | Includes diabetes | 56 | -4.6% | -2% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | NCT01272219 | Includes diabetes | 68 | -8.44% | -6.77% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | STEP 8 | Without diabetes | 68 | -6.4% | None |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | NCT01272232 | Includes diabetes | 68 | -4.7% | -2.7% |
| Liraglutide, 1.8 mg | NCT01272232 | Includes diabetes | 68 | -3.6% | -2.7% |
| Liraglutide, 3 mg | NCT01272219 | Includes diabetes | 160 | -6.14% | -1.89% |
| Orforglipron, 36 mg | ACHIEVE-1 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -7.9% | -1.6% |
| Orforglipron, 36 mg | ACHIEVE-2 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -7.3% | None |
| Orforglipron, 12 mg | ACHIEVE-2 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -6.3% | None |
| Orforglipron, 36 mg | ACHIEVE-5 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -6.1% | +0.6% |
| Orforglipron, 12 mg | ACHIEVE-1 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -6.1% | -1.6% |
| Orforglipron, 12 mg | ACHIEVE-5 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -5.8% | +0.6% |
| Orforglipron, 3 mg | ACHIEVE-1 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -4.7% | -1.6% |
| Orforglipron, 3 mg | ACHIEVE-2 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -3.5% | None |
| Orforglipron, 3 mg | ACHIEVE-5 | Includes diabetes | 40 | -2.7% | +0.6% |
| Orforglipron, 36 mg | ACHIEVE-3 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -9.2% | None |
| Orforglipron, 12 mg | ACHIEVE-3 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -6.7% | None |
| Orforglipron, 36 mg | ATTAIN-1 | Without diabetes | 72 | -12.35% | -0.87% |
| Orforglipron, 36 mg | ATTAIN-2 | Includes diabetes | 72 | -10.54% | -2.21% |
| Orforglipron, 12 mg | ATTAIN-1 | Without diabetes | 72 | -9.27% | -0.87% |
| Orforglipron, 12 mg | ATTAIN-J | Without diabetes | 72 | -8.69% | -0.63% |
| Orforglipron, 36 mg | ATTAIN-J | Without diabetes | 72 | -7.93% | -0.63% |
| Orforglipron, 6 mg | ATTAIN-1 | Without diabetes | 72 | -7.82% | -0.87% |
| Orforglipron, 12 mg | ATTAIN-2 | Includes diabetes | 72 | -7.78% | -2.21% |
| Orforglipron, 6 mg | ATTAIN-J | Without diabetes | 72 | -5.9% | -0.63% |
| Orforglipron, 6 mg | ATTAIN-2 | Includes diabetes | 72 | -5.5% | -2.21% |
| Semaglutide | NCT04944992 | Without diabetes | 24 | -7.1% | None |
| Semaglutide, 1 mg | SUSTAIN 9 | Includes diabetes | 30 | -5.4% | -1% |
| Semaglutide | NCT04998136 | Without diabetes | 44 | -16.4% | -2.6% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP7 | Includes diabetes | 44 | -12.5% | -3.6% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP12 | Without diabetes | 44 | -12.2% | -2.2% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 10 | Without diabetes | 52 | -14.4% | -2.7% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP-HFpEF | Without diabetes | 52 | -13.9% | -2.5% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP HFpEF DM | Includes diabetes | 52 | -10.2% | -3.2% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | BARI-STEP | Includes diabetes | 68 | -18% | +0.4% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 3 | Without diabetes | 68 | -16.5% | -5.8% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 8 | Without diabetes | 68 | -16.4% | None |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 1 | Without diabetes | 68 | -15.6% | -2.8% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | NCT05064735 | Without diabetes | 68 | -14.2% | -2.5% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 6 | Without diabetes | 68 | -13.4% | -1.9% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 2 | Includes diabetes | 68 | -9.9% | -3.3% |
| Semaglutide, 1.7 mg | STEP 6 | Without diabetes | 68 | -9.9% | -1.9% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 4 | Without diabetes, after a lead-in | 68 | -8.3% | +6.5% |
| Semaglutide, 1 mg | STEP 2 | Includes diabetes | 68 | -7.2% | None |
| Semaglutide, 7.2 mg | STEP UP | Without diabetes | 72 | -19.5% | -3.8% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP UP | Without diabetes | 72 | -16.4% | None |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | SURMOUNT-5 | Without diabetes | 72 | -13.7% | None |
| Semaglutide, 7.2 mg | NCT05649137 | Includes diabetes | 72 | -13.5% | -4% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | NCT05649137 | Includes diabetes | 72 | -10.7% | -4% |
| Semaglutide, 2.4 mg | STEP 5 | Without diabetes | 104 | -15.9% | -1.9% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 12 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -5% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 4 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -4.89% | -0.6% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 1 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -4.71% | -1.37% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 8 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -4.3% | -0.47% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 11 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -4% | -1% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 12 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -4% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 5 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -3.75% | -0.92% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -3.54% | -1.58% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -3.44% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -3.21% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 8 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -3.11% | -0.47% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 11 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -3% | -1% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 1 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -2.85% | -1.37% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -2.36% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 12 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -2% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 8 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -1.73% | -0.47% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 1 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -1.67% | -1.37% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -1.63% | -1.58% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -1.49% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -1.23% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 11 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -1% | -1% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -0.64% | -1.58% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 26 | -0.28% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 50 mg | PIONEER PLUS | Includes diabetes | 52 | -8.5% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 25 mg | PIONEER PLUS | Includes diabetes | 52 | -7.3% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | ACHIEVE-3 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -5.3% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 4 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -4.94% | -0.99% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER PLUS | Includes diabetes | 52 | -4.7% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 8 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -4.42% | +0.65% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -4.42% | -1.42% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -3.83% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | ACHIEVE-3 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -3.7% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets | PIONEER 7 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -2.99% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -2.63% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 8 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -2.54% | +0.65% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -2.33% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -1.65% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -1.34% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -1.23% | -1.42% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 8 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -1.18% | +0.65% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 9 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -0.03% | -1.42% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 10 | Includes diabetes | 52 | -0.02% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 25 mg | OASIS 4 | Without diabetes | 64 | -14.4% | -2.5% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 50 mg | OASIS 1 | Without diabetes | 68 | -15.8% | -2.2% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 50 mg | OASIS 2 | Without diabetes | 68 | -14.9% | -1.5% |
| Semaglutide tablets, 14 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 78 | -3.47% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 7 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 78 | -2.92% | None |
| Semaglutide tablets, 3 mg | PIONEER 3 | Includes diabetes | 78 | -1.87% | None |
| Tirzepatide, 15 mg | SURMOUNT-CN | Includes diabetes | 52 | -19.9% | -2.4% |
| Tirzepatide, highest tolerated dose | SURMOUNT-OSA | Without diabetes | 52 | -17.65% | -1.56% |
| Tirzepatide, 10 mg | SURMOUNT-CN | Includes diabetes | 52 | -14.4% | -2.4% |
| Tirzepatide, highest tolerated dose | NCT04847557 | Without diabetes | 52 | -13.85% | -2.24% |
| Tirzepatide, highest tolerated dose | SURMOUNT-4 | Without diabetes, after a lead-in | 64 | -6% | +9.9% |
| Tirzepatide, 15 mg | SURMOUNT-J | Without diabetes | 72 | -22.7% | -1.7% |
| Tirzepatide, 15 mg | SURMOUNT-1 | Without diabetes | 72 | -22.5% | -2.4% |
| Tirzepatide, 10 mg | SURMOUNT-1 | Without diabetes | 72 | -21.4% | -2.4% |
| Tirzepatide | SURMOUNT-3 | Without diabetes | 72 | -21.1% | +3.3% |
| Tirzepatide, 15 mg | SURMOUNT-5 | Without diabetes | 72 | -20.2% | None |
| Tirzepatide, 10 mg | SURMOUNT-J | Without diabetes | 72 | -17.8% | -1.7% |
| Tirzepatide, 5 mg | SURMOUNT-1 | Without diabetes | 72 | -16% | -2.4% |
| Tirzepatide, 15 mg | SURMOUNT-2 | Includes diabetes | 72 | -15.7% | -3.3% |
| Tirzepatide, 10 mg | SURMOUNT-2 | Includes diabetes | 72 | -13.4% | -3.3% |
| Tirzepatide, highest tolerated dose | SURMOUNT-4 | Without diabetes, after a lead-in | 88 | -6.7% | +14.8% |
| Tirzepatide, highest tolerated dose | SURPASS-CVOT | Includes diabetes | 156 | -11.6% | None |
| Tirzepatide, 15 mg | SURMOUNT-1 | Without diabetes | 176 | -22.9% | -2.1% |
| Tirzepatide, 10 mg | SURMOUNT-1 | Without diabetes | 176 | -19.9% | -2.1% |
| Tirzepatide, 5 mg | SURMOUNT-1 | Without diabetes | 176 | -15.4% | -2.1% |
Figures are as each trial posted them on ClinicalTrials.gov, the first analysis where it posts more than one, and the trials differ in who they enrolled, so they are not a head-to-head comparison. The two lead-in figures come from the papers of STEP 4 and SURMOUNT-4.
When weight loss reaches a plateau
The clearest evidence is a post hoc analysis of Lilly's SURMOUNT-1 and SURMOUNT-4 trials. Among adherent people who lost at least 5%, the median time to a plateau in SURMOUNT-1 was 24.3 weeks with overweight, 26.0 weeks with class I obesity and 36.1 weeks with class II or III. By week 72, between 87.6% and 90.2% had plateaued. People on higher doses, younger people and women reached it later. The study counted a plateau as a change of under 5% over 12 weeks and every 12 weeks after, so weight can still drift slowly during one.
Not everyone responds the same
A mean hides the spread. In STEP 1, 86.4% of people measured on semaglutide 2.4 mg lost at least 5% of their weight (1,047 of 1,212), against 31.5% on placebo. In SURMOUNT-1, 96.3% of people on tirzepatide 15 mg did, as the trial posted it. They enrolled different people and are not a head-to-head comparison.
Saxenda's label sets a point to judge it: “Evaluate the change in body weight 16 weeks after initiating SAXENDA and discontinue SAXENDA if the patient has not lost at least 4% of baseline body weight, since it is unlikely that the patient will achieve and sustain clinically meaningful weight loss with continued treatment.”
How long the side effects last
What each label says about when stomach side effects happen. Where a label is not listed here, it makes no such statement.
- Foundayo: “The incidence of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea was higher during the FOUNDAYO dosage escalation period and decreased over time.”
- Mounjaro: “The majority of reports of nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea occurred during dose escalation and decreased over time.”
- Ozempic: “The majority of reports of nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea occurred during dose escalation.”
- Rybelsus and Ozempic tablets: “The majority of reports of nausea, vomiting and/or diarrhea occurred during dose escalation.”
- Zepbound: “The majority of nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea events occurred during dose escalation and decreased over time.”
How quickly weight returns
Two trials gave everyone the medicine first, then switched half to placebo. In SURMOUNT-4, by week 64, people who stayed on it had changed -6% from that switch and people on placebo +9.9%. In STEP 4, by week 68, people who stayed on it had changed -8.3% from that switch and people on placebo +6.5%. In SURMOUNT-4, by week 88, people who stayed on it had changed -6.7% from that switch and people on placebo +14.8%. What happens when you stop a GLP-1
How long: common questions
How long does a GLP-1 take to work?
The dose steps up over weeks or months first, then weight loss builds for most of a year or more. On semaglutide 2.4 mg, people had lost 10.6% by week 20 in STEP 4's lead-in and 15.6% by week 68 in STEP 1, as the registry posts it. On tirzepatide, 20.9% by week 36 in SURMOUNT-4's lead-in and 22.5% at 15 mg by week 72 in SURMOUNT-1. These are trial averages, not a prediction for one person.
When does GLP-1 weight loss stop or plateau?
In SURMOUNT-1, among adherent people who lost at least 5%, the median time to a plateau was 24.3 weeks with overweight and 36.1 weeks with the highest BMI, and about 88 to 90% had plateaued by week 72, by that study's definition of a plateau. Semaglutide's two-year trial shows the same shape: 15.6% at week 68 in STEP 1 and 15.9% at week 104 in STEP 5.
How much weight can you lose in a month on a GLP-1?
Trials report averages over many months, not per month. By our arithmetic, the 10.6% at week 20 on semaglutide and the 20.9% at week 36 on tirzepatide each come to about 2 to 2.5% of body weight a month, while the dose was rising, and it slows as a person nears a plateau. Those are averages across many people, and individuals vary widely.
What if a GLP-1 is not working for me?
It does not work the same for everyone. In STEP 1, 86.4% of people measured on semaglutide 2.4 mg lost at least 5%, so about 14 in 100 did not. In SURMOUNT-1, 96.3% on tirzepatide 15 mg did. The trials differ, so these are not a head-to-head comparison. Weight levelling off after months is expected and is not the same as the medicine failing. Ask your prescriber: the dose may have further to go, or another medicine may suit you better.
How long do GLP-1 side effects last?
Most labels tie nausea, vomiting and diarrhea to the weeks the dose is going up. The labels of Zepbound and Mounjaro also say these decreased over time. Each label's own sentence is on this page.
How long does Foundayo stay in your system?
Foundayo's FDA label gives a half-life of approximately 29 to 49 hours and no figure for how long it stays. By the usual rule of five half-lives, that is about 6 to 10 days, which is our arithmetic and not the label's.
How long does Mounjaro stay in your system?
Mounjaro's FDA label gives a half-life of approximately 5 days and no figure for how long it stays. By the usual rule of five half-lives, that is about 25 days, which is our arithmetic and not the label's.
How long does Ozempic stay in your system?
Ozempic's FDA label says: With an elimination half-life of approximately 1 week, semaglutide will be present in the circulation for about 5 weeks after the last dose.
How long does Rybelsus and Ozempic tablets stay in your system?
Rybelsus and Ozempic tablets's FDA label says: Semaglutide is present in the circulation for about five weeks after the last semaglutide tablet dose.
How long does Saxenda stay in your system?
Saxenda's FDA label gives a half-life of approximately 13 hours and no figure for how long it stays. By the usual rule of five half-lives, that is about 3 days, which is our arithmetic and not the label's.
How long does Trulicity stay in your system?
Trulicity's FDA label gives a half-life of approximately 5 days and no figure for how long it stays. By the usual rule of five half-lives, that is about 25 days, which is our arithmetic and not the label's.
How long does Victoza stay in your system?
Victoza's FDA label gives a half-life of approximately 13 hours and no figure for how long it stays. By the usual rule of five half-lives, that is about 3 days, which is our arithmetic and not the label's.
How long does Wegovy stay in your system?
Wegovy's FDA label says: With an elimination half-life of approximately 1 week, semaglutide will be present in the circulation for about 5 to 7 weeks after the last injectable dose of 2.4 mg or 7.2 mg or oral dose of 25 mg.
How long does Zepbound stay in your system?
Zepbound's FDA label gives a half-life of approximately 5-6 days and no figure for how long it stays. By the usual rule of five half-lives, that is about 25 to 30 days, which is our arithmetic and not the label's.
Averages from trials. How long a medicine takes for you is a question for your prescriber.